Biological warfare is the use of living microorganisms or materials derived from them (toxins, genetically modified organisms) for military or terrorist purposes to cause death or incapacitation in man, animals or plants. The deliberate use of microorganisms and toxins as weapons has been attempted in various periods throughout history (Table I). Many biological agents including bacteria, viruses and toxins shown in Table II can be used as biological weapons which have emerged as significant threat in the last decade and their uses in future wars and terroristic attacks still remain a realistic concern. Since having biological warfare program is still currently threat and our country is located in the “hot region” of this program, this issue has to be taken into consideration with great extense.